基于示波法和累积分布函数估算的血压测量方法     

姚强  王亚刚 《教育技术导刊》2019,18(9):65-68

传统示波法及其改进算法基于袖带振荡波峰值点拟合进行血压平均压计算,涉及较多矩阵运算,实时性不足,此外确定收缩压和舒张压采用的幅度系数普适性较差。因此,提出一种新的测血压方法。首先采集振荡波峰值点,同时处理干扰点;然后对峰值点归一化处理后再进行累加,根据高斯累积分布函数的特性确定平均压;最后由变幅度系数法求取收缩压和舒张压。将该方法应用于测血压装置,以基于听诊法的水银血压计测量结果作为参照对象。实验证明,该方法准确度性能指标满足美国AAMI标准,且重复精度高于听诊法。  相似文献   

20世纪中国现代主义诗歌的高峰——论“九叶派”诗歌出现的必然及其意义     

刘士杰 《信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2006,26(4):97-102

“九叶派”的出现有其必然性,由社会现实的外部环境所决定。从现代主义诗歌发展的规律来看,现代主义诗歌要向前发展,就必须加以改造和整合,而“九叶派”诗歌正是经过改造和整合的现代主义诗歌。“九叶派”在中国现代主义诗歌流派史上是达到高峰、趋于完美阶段的一个流派。“九叶派”将西方现代主义诗歌的艺术手法融于当时中国时代背景下的现实主义精神之中。“九叶派”在中国新诗史上的最大功绩是,打破了“诗必须表现情感”的传统信条,提出了“新诗现代化”的主张,更新了固有的诗歌观念。  相似文献   

Properties of Isokinetic Fatigue at Various Movement Speeds in Adult Males     

David H. Clarke  James M. Manning 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):221-226

Abstract

Eighteen male subjects, ages 20–28 years, engaged in three fatigue bouts using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II). Maximum knee extension contractions were given for 100 s at a rate of 30 per minute. The three contraction speeds chosen were 120° · s ^–1 160° · s ^–1 and 200° · s ^–1.Peak torque at 120° · s ^–1 was significantly greater (p <.05) than at 200° · s ^–1 for the first 60 s, and 160° · s ^–1 for the first 50 s. Thereafter, no significant differences existed among conditions. All three curves were found to follow two-component exponential functions as shown by the equation y_t =a ₂ e^k2^t – a ₁ e^k1^t + c. The three curves possessed similar rate constants for both components. Time to peak torque was achieved at similar times for testing at 160 and 200° · s ^–1 (p <.05). It is concluded that peak torque varies inversely with movement speed, and that the pattern of decrement is independent of movement speed. Time to peak torque does not appear to change significantly across trials in isokinetic fatigue.  相似文献   

Comparison of different theoretical models estimating peak power output and maximal oxygen uptake in trained and elite triathletes and endurance cyclists in the velodrome     

Carlos González-Haro  Pedro A. Galilea  Jesús F. Escanero 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):591-601

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate intensity and pedometer step counts in adolescents. To determine cardiorespiratory fitness, 106 participants (47 boys, 59 girls, mean age 14.2 years, s = 0.8) completed the Queen's College Step Test and were classified as having low, moderate or high cardiorespiratory fitness. Adolescents also completed a 10-min treadmill trial while wearing a pedometer and heart rate monitor. The participants were instructed to maintain their heart rate between 65 and 75% of their maximum heart rate while running or walking on a treadmill. A heart rate of 65–75% maximum was associated with 146 steps per minute (s = 22) in boys and 137 steps per minute (s = 22) in girls. Results of analysis of variance indicated that there was a main effect for level of fitness (F _2,102 = 9.36, P < 0.001). The correlation between mean steps per minute and estimated maximum oxygen consumption was statistically significant (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). The results from this study suggest that a step rate of 130 steps per minute is equal to 65–75% maximum heart rate in low-fit adolescents and achieving 130 steps per minute could be used as an initial goal to improve fitness.  相似文献   

Cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to maximal cycle ergometer exercise test in children 6–8 years of age     

Niina Lintu  Tuomo Tompuri  Anna Viitasalo  Sonja Soininen  Tomi Laitinen  Kai Savonen 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):652-659

Abstract

We investigated cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to maximal cycle ergometer exercise test in children. The participants were a population sample of 425 children (204 girls, 221 boys) aged 6–8 years. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured from the beginning of pre-exercise rest to the end of recovery period. We provided reference values for peak workload and changes in HR and SBP during and after maximal exercise test in girls and boys. Girls had a lower cardiovascular fitness, indicated by peak workload per body weight [mean (2 s) 2.7 (0.9) vs. 3.1 (1.0) W · kg^–1, P < 0.001] and lean mass [mean (2 s) 3.5 (0.9) vs. 3.8 (1.0) W· kg^–1, P < 0.001] than boys. Plateau or decline in SBP close to the end of the test was found in about third of children and was considered a normal SBP response. Girls had a slower HR decrease within 2 min after the test than boys [mean (2 s) 53 (18) vs. 59 (22) beats · min^–1, P < 0.001]. The results are useful for physicians and exercise physiologists to evaluate cardiovascular fitness and haemodynamic responses to exercise in children and to detect children with low exercise tolerance or abnormal haemodynamic responses to exercise.  相似文献   

Reliability and stability of anthropometric and performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players: effect of age and maturation     

Martin Buchheit  Alberto Mendez-Villanueva 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1332-1343

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess both short-term reliability and long-term stability of anthropometric and physical performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players in relation to age and maturation. Data were collected on 80 players from an academy (U13–U18, pre- (n = 14), circum- (n = 32) and post- (n = 34) estimated peak height velocity, PHV). For the reliability analysis, anthropometric and performance tests were repeated twice within a month. For the stability analysis, these tests were repeated 12 times over a 4-year period in 10 players. Absolute reliability was assessed with the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). Relative reliability and long-term stability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was no clear age or maturation effect on either the CVs or ICCs: e.g., Post-PHV vs. Pre-PHV: effect size = –0.37 (90% confidence limits (CL):-1.6;0.9), with chances of greater/similar/lower values of 20/20/60%. For the long-term stability analysis, ICCs varied from 0.66 (0.50;0.80) to 0.96 (0.93;0.98) for 10-m sprint time and body mass, respectively. The short-term reliability of anthropometry and physical performance measures is unlikely to be affected by age or maturation. However, some of these measures are unstable throughout adolescence, which questions their usefulness in a talent identification perspective.  相似文献   

Impact of data analysis methods for maximal fat oxidation estimation during exercise in sedentary adults     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(9):1230-1239

Abstract

The maximal fat oxidation (MFO), and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fat_max), are considered excellent markers of fat metabolism during exercise. Besides individual’s biological characteristics (e.g. fed state, physical fitness level, sex, or age), data selection and analysis can affect MFO and Fatmax estimations, yet the effect is unknown. We investigated (i) the impact of using a pre-defined time interval on MFO and Fat_max estimation, and (ii) the impact of applying 2 different data analysis approaches (measured-values vs. polynomial-curve) on MFO and Fat_max estimations in sedentary adults. A total of 151 (97 women) sedentary adults aged 29.2?±?13.2 years old participated in the study. We assessed MFO and Fatmax through a walking graded exercise test using indirect calorimetry. We pre-defined 13 different time intervals for data analysis, and the estimation of MFO and Fat_max were performed through the measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches. There were significant differences in MFO across pre-defined time intervals methods (P?<?0.001) applying measured-values data analysis approach, while no statistical differences were observed when using polynomial-curve data analysis approach (P?=?0.077). There were no differences in Fat_max across pre-defined time intervals independently of the data analysis approach (P?≥?0.7). We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values and the polynomial-curve data analysis approaches across the time intervals methods selected (all P?≤?0.05), and no differences were observed in Fat_max (all P?≥?0.2). In conclusion, our results revealed that there are no differences in MFO and Fat_max across different time intervals methods selected using the polynomial-curve data analysis approach. We observed significant differences in MFO between measured-values vs. polynomial-curve data analysis approaches in all the study time intervals, whereas no differences were detected in Fatmax. Therefore, the use of polynomial-curve data analysis approach allows to compare MFO and Fat_max using different time intervals in sedentary adults.  相似文献   

对慢跑鞋力学舒适性评价的研究     

胡宗祥  陈学灿  关雪琼 《体育科学研究》2013,(6):72-77

为了对慢跑鞋的舒适性进行评价以及对不足进行改进提供参考.通过问卷调查法对测试鞋的舒适性进行主观评价,并借助红外光点运动分析系统和足底压力测试系统等生物力学测试方法,分别对在自然行走和慢跑两种状态下下肢步态的一些运动力学指标进行测试与研究.结果表明：测试鞋宽度和长度的合脚性较好;测试鞋的缓冲支持性能稍差;男女测试鞋在弓部舒适性及足底压强的表现存在差异.  相似文献   

Caffeine supplementation and peak anaerobic power output     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):400-406

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine supplementation on peak anaerobic power output (W_max). Using a counterbalanced, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 14 well-trained men completed three trials of a protocol consisting of a series of 6-s cycle ergometer sprints, separated by 5-min passive recovery periods. Sprints were performed at progressively increasing torque factors to determine the peak power/torque relationship and W_max. Apart from Trial 1 (familiarisation), participants ingested a capsule containing 5 mg·kg^?1 of caffeine or placebo, one hour before each trial. The effects of caffeine on blood lactate were investigated using capillary samples taken after each sprint. The torque factor which produced W_max was not significantly different (p ≥ 0.05) between the caffeine (1.15 ± 0.08 N·m·kg^?1) and placebo (1.13 ± 0.10 N·m·kg^?1) trials. There was, however, a significant effect (p < 0.05) of supplementation on W_max, with caffeine producing a higher value (1885 ± 303 W) than placebo (1835 ± 290 W). Analysis of the blood lactate data revealed a significant (p < 0.05) torque factor × supplement interaction with values being significantly higher from the sixth sprint (torque factor 1.0 N·m·kg^?1) onwards following caffeine supplementation. The results of this study confirm previous reports that caffeine supplementation significantly increases blood lactate and W_max. These findings may explain why the majority of previous studies, which have used fixed-torque factors of around 0.75 N·m·kg^?1 and thereby failing to elicit W_max, have failed to find an effect of caffeine on sprinting performance.  相似文献   

用光切法测量表面粗糙度Rz、S值的实验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨晓红 《实验室研究与探索》2000,19(5):50-53

用光切法测量表面粗糙度RZ、S值可实现对表面轮廓要求的二维控制。介绍了原理、操作、处理等方面的技术细节,对工程应用具有指导价值。  相似文献